Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure for the Brazilian context.

INTRODUCTION: The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) was developed to measure individual differences in social comparison orientation and has been widely used in research and different contexts. The aim of this study was to adapt the online version of the INCOM and to evaluate its psychometric parameters when applied to a Brazilian population of university students. METHODS: The procedures were divided into two steps: step 1 - cross-cultural adaptation and content validity, and step 2 - assessment of psychometric characteristics. In step 1, the processes of translation, evaluation by expert committee, evaluation by the target population, and the back-translation, were performed. In step 2, 1065 university students participated and factor analysis, analysis of reliability and validity based on external measures were performed. RESULTS: The adaptation process showed satisfactory results, such as good indicators of content validity. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-dimensional structure and adequate factor loadings, except for item 11, which was excluded from the final version. Also, the final version of the scale presented adequate fit indices (χ2 = 148.45, df = 26; p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98). Evidence of reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83) was found, in addition to positive correlations with negative affect (r =0.36) and negative correlations with positive affect and self-esteem (r = -0.15; r = -0.41, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the INCOM presents satisfactory psychometric parameters and can thus be used to measure social comparison orientation.

Theoretical procedures of the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P) for the Brazilian context.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the theoretical procedures employed in the process of cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) for Brazil of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P). METHODS: Seven steps were carried out: (1) translations and synthesis; (2) Committee of Judges-I; (3) grammatical review; (4) Committee of Judges-II; (5) semantic analysis (pre-test); (6) back-translation; and (7) discussion with the authors of the original instrument. Participants were two professional translators, 14 experts, a grammar proofreader, and 21 parents/guardians, representatives of the target population. The results were analyzed in terms of the percentage of agreement between evaluators and the content validity coefficient (CVC) and by analysis of comments and suggestions. RESULTS: Grammatical and cultural adjustments were made, in addition to substitution and/or inclusion of words and examples. Adequacy agreement indexes exceeding 86% were achieved and the CVC result for the total scale was excellent (0.95). The pre-test indicated good acceptance and understanding by participants. CONCLUSION: The proposed version proved to be promising for use in the Brazilian context, although further psychometric studies are still needed to prove the scale's validity and reliability.

Theoretical procedures of the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P) for the Brazilian context

Abstract Objectives To describe the theoretical procedures employed in the process of cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) for Brazil of the Child Mania Rating Scale - Parent Version (CMRS-P). Methods Seven steps were carried out: (1) translations and synthesis; (2) Committee of Judges-I; (3) grammatical review; (4) Committee of Judges-II; (5) semantic analysis (pre-test); (6) back-translation; and (7) discussion with the authors of the original instrument. Participants were two professional translators, 14 experts, a grammar proofreader, and 21 parents/guardians, representatives of the target population. The results were analyzed in terms of the percentage of agreement between evaluators and the content validity coefficient (CVC) and by analysis of comments and suggestions. Results Grammatical and cultural adjustments were made, in addition to substitution and/or inclusion of words and examples. Adequacy agreement indexes exceeding 86% were achieved and the CVC result for the total scale was excellent (0.95). The pre-test indicated good acceptance and understanding by participants. Conclusion The proposed version proved to be promising for use in the Brazilian context, although further psychometric studies are still needed to prove the scale's validity and reliability.

Psychometric Validation of the Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) for Brazil.

Smoking accounts for 24% of deaths in the general population and is also the factor that explains the biggest amount of years of life lost. It is important to understand the expectations regarding smoking behavior. The present study aimed to validate the Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) for a Brazilian version. The Researchers did the process of semantic adaptation to language and national context. The S-SCQ was applied in a sample of 129 people. The next step was to perform psychometric analyses for the set of 21 items. Exploratory Factor Analysis, with pairwise treatment for missing cases, was used to achieve construct validity. To carry out Factor Analysis, the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used initially. Afterwards, Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) using Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was applied. The reliability of the total scale (21 items) showed a Cronbach alpha index of 0.851 and a 0.870 Lambda2 of Gutmann. Quite satisfactory rates were also observed in the subscales. Similarly, the item-overall correlation values also confirmed the scale's good reliability indices.

Psychometric Validation of the Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) for Brazil / Validação Psicométrica do Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) a um contexto brasileiro

Abstract Smoking accounts for 24% of deaths in the general population and is also the factor that explains the biggest amount of years of life lost. It is important to understand the expectations regarding smoking behavior. The present study aimed to validate the Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) for a Brazilian version. The Researchers did the process of semantic adaptation to language and national context. The S-SCQ was applied in a sample of 129 people. The next step was to perform psychometric analyses for the set of 21 items. Exploratory Factor Analysis, with pairwise treatment for missing cases, was used to achieve construct validity. To carry out Factor Analysis, the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used initially. Afterwards, Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) using Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was applied. The reliability of the total scale (21 items) showed a Cronbach alpha index of 0.851 and a 0.870 Lambda2 of Gutmann. Quite satisfactory rates were also observed in the subscales. Similarly, the item-overall correlation values also confirmed the scale's good reliability indices.

Resumo Fumar representa 24% das mortes na população geral, sendo o fator que explica o maior número de anos de vida perdidos. É importante compreender as expectativas relacionadas ao comportamento de fumar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo validar o instrumento Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (S-SCQ) para uma versão brasileira. Após o processo de adaptação semântica para o idioma e o contexto nacional, o S-SCQ foi aplicado numa amostra de 129 pessoas. No passo seguinte, foram realizadas análises psicométricas para o conjunto de 21 itens. Os dados foram submetidos à prova de validade de construto por meio de Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com tratamento "pairwise" para casos omissos. Para proceder a Análise Fatorial se utilizou inicialmente o método da Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). Após, foi feita a Fatoração dos Eixos Principais (FEP) utilizando rotação Varimax com normalização de Kaiser. A fidedignidade da escala total (com 21 itens) apresentou índice alfa de Cronbach 0,851 e Lambda 2 de Gutmann 0,870. Índices bastante satisfatórios foram observados também nas subescalas. No mesmo sentido, os valores de correlação item-total também confirmaram os bons índices de fidedignidade da escala.

Personality traits in the differentiation of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder during a depressive episode.

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in personality traits between individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) during a depressive episode, when it can be hard to differentiate them. Data on personality traits (NEO-FFI), mental disorders (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus) and socioeconomic variables were collected from 245 respondents who were in a depressive episode. Individuals with MDD (183) and BD (62) diagnosis were compared concerning personality traits, clinical aspects and socioeconomic variables through bivariate analyses (chi-square and ANOVA) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). There were no differences in the prevalence of the disorders between socioeconomic and clinical variables. As for the personality traits, only the difference in Agreeableness was statistically significant. Considering the control of suicide risk, gender and anxiety comorbidity in the multivariate analysis, the only variable that remained associated was Agreeableness, with an increase in MDD cases. The brief version of the NEO inventories (NEO-FFI) does not allow for the analysis of personality facets. During a depressive episode, high levels of Agreeableness can indicate that MDD is a more likely diagnosis than BD.

Fidedignidade do WISC-III com base na concordância entre avaliadores / WISC-III reliability based in inter-rater agreement

Este trabalho pretendeu estabelecer os índices de fidedignidade do WISC-III, utilizando a técnica de concordância entre avaliadores, tendo em vista, que a subjetividade dos profissionais que utilizam o teste pode interferir diretamente em seus resultados. Foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, da amostra de padronização ao contexto brasileiro, protocolos dos testes de três crianças com a mesma idade, os quais foram pontuados por 42 psicólogos de diferentes estados do Brasil. Baseando-se nos escores totais, a precisão foi calculada através do índice de correlação intra-classe e os coeficientes, em geral, foram considerados fortes. Os subtestes não-verbais, com exceção de Completar Figuras, apresentaram os índices mais altos, sendo que as correlações dos subtestes verbais foram menores. Os resultados evidenciaram que a correção objetiva dos itens propicia maior consenso entre os avaliadores e quando as respostas a serem pontuadas envolvem verbalizações, existem maiores dificuldades.(AU)

This work aimed to establish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III) reliability indexes through the inter-rater agreement technique, keeping in mind that the scores could be influenced by subjective factors of the raters. Three WISC-III protocols of children of the same age were randomly selected from the Brazilian standardization sample and were scored by 42 psychologists from different States of Brazil. Reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation index, on the base of total scores. Coefficients were considered strong in general. All nonverbal subtests, except Picture Completion, presented higher indexes than the verbal subtests. Results suggest that objective scoring propitiates greater consensus between the raters, and verbal answers produce more scoring difficulties.(AU)

Fidedignidade do WISC-III com base na concordância entre avaliadores / WISC-III reliability based in inter-rater agreement

Este trabalho pretendeu estabelecer os índices de fidedignidade do WISC-III, utilizando a técnica de concordância entre avaliadores, tendo em vista, que a subjetividade dos profissionais que utilizam o teste pode interferir diretamente em seus resultados. Foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, da amostra de padronização ao contexto brasileiro, protocolos dos testes de três crianças com a mesma idade, os quais foram pontuados por 42 psicólogos de diferentes estados do Brasil. Baseando-se nos escores totais, a precisão foi calculada através do índice de correlação intra-classe e os coeficientes, em geral, foram considerados fortes. Os subtestes não-verbais, com exceção de Completar Figuras, apresentaram os índices mais altos, sendo que as correlações dos subtestes verbais foram menores. Os resultados evidenciaram que a correção objetiva dos itens propicia maior consenso entre os avaliadores e quando as respostas a serem pontuadas envolvem verbalizações, existem maiores dificuldades...

This work aimed to establish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III) reliability indexes through the inter-rater agreement technique, keeping in mind that the scores could be influenced by subjective factors of the raters. Three WISC-III protocols of children of the same age were randomly selected from the Brazilian standardization sample and were scored by 42 psychologists from different States of Brazil. Reliability was assessed through the intraclass correlation index, on the base of total scores. Coefficients were considered strong in general. All nonverbal subtests, except Picture Completion, presented higher indexes than the verbal subtests. Results suggest that objective scoring propitiates greater consensus between the raters, and verbal answers produce more scoring difficulties...

Subtestes semelhanças, vocabulário e compreensão do WISC-III: pontuação objetiva ou subjetiva? / WISC-III subtests of similarities, vocabulary and comprehension: objective or subjective scoring?

Este trabalho visou analisar a pontuação dos subtestes Semelhanças, Vocabulário e Compreensão do WISC-III, tendo em vista que podem envolver maior subjetividade do avaliador. Participaram do estudo 42 psicólogos de diferentes Estados do Brasil, os quais corrigiram as respostas de 6 protocolos do teste selecionados aleatoriamente da amostra de padronização ao contexto brasileiro. Tomando-se como referência os escores totais, o subteste Vocabulário apresentou maior variabilidade nas pontuações, seguido por Compreensão. Considerando-se o total de itens analisados em cada subteste, Semelhanças apresentou a maior concordância entre os avaliadores. Entretanto, os resultados evidenciaram que os três subtestes envolvem a subjetividade do avaliador na pontuação das respostas.(AU)

In all psychological tests, scoring should be of concern for examiners because the accuracy of results depends, at some extent, on the quality of the correction. This work aims to examine the correction, by different psychologists, of the scores for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) subtests of Similarities, Vocabulary and Comprehension since these are the subtests where examiner's subjectivity seemingly most influences scoring. Forty two psychologists from different states in Brazil participated in this study. They corrected the answers of six test protocols randomly selected from a standardization sample for the Brazilian context. Taking as reference the total scores, the Vocabulary subtest showed greater variability in score, followed by the Comprehension one. Considering the total number of items tested in each subtest, Similarities had the highest agreement among raters. The results showed that all the three subtests involve subjectivity on behalf of the examiner to score the answers. Continuing in this study, we also aim to determine test reliability based on interrater agreement.(AU)

Subtestes semelhanças, vocabulário e compreensão do WISC-III: pontuação objetiva ou subjetiva? / WISC-III subtests of similarities, vocabulary and comprehension: objective or subjective scoring?

Este trabalho visou analisar a pontuação dos subtestes Semelhanças, Vocabulário e Compreensão do WISC-III, tendo em vista que podem envolver maior subjetividade do avaliador. Participaram do estudo 42 psicólogos de diferentes Estados do Brasil, os quais corrigiram as respostas de 6 protocolos do teste selecionados aleatoriamente da amostra de padronização ao contexto brasileiro. Tomando-se como referência os escores totais, o subteste Vocabulário apresentou maior variabilidade nas pontuações, seguido por Compreensão. Considerando-se o total de itens analisados em cada subteste, Semelhanças apresentou a maior concordância entre os avaliadores. Entretanto, os resultados evidenciaram que os três subtestes envolvem a subjetividade do avaliador na pontuação das respostas.

In all psychological tests, scoring should be of concern for examiners because the accuracy of results depends, at some extent, on the quality of the correction. This work aims to examine the correction, by different psychologists, of the scores for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) subtests of Similarities, Vocabulary and Comprehension since these are the subtests where examiner's subjectivity seemingly most influences scoring. Forty two psychologists from different states in Brazil participated in this study. They corrected the answers of six test protocols randomly selected from a standardization sample for the Brazilian context. Taking as reference the total scores, the Vocabulary subtest showed greater variability in score, followed by the Comprehension one. Considering the total number of items tested in each subtest, Similarities had the highest agreement among raters. The results showed that all the three subtests involve subjectivity on behalf of the examiner to score the answers. Continuing in this study, we also aim to determine test reliability based on interrater agreement.